Nigeria was the second world largest cocoa producer in the 1960 producing between 250,000 to 308,000 metric tons for export yearly and generating about 50 percent of nigerias revenue. Table 1 global cocoa production information for 2016. In recent time, yields from cocoa producing states have been decreasing while farmers are faced with a number of challenges that predispose them to risks and uncertainties. Climate change and the cocoa production in the tropical. Studies have examined the history of nigerian cocoa farming and production, but not the sociopolitical nature of the economy of cocoa.
There is a long history of cocoa production in nigeria, and the beans are popular for the good wellprepared flavour, but trading conditions have long been difficult. Cocoa production and nigerias agricultural development. Fertilizer use and cocoa production in cross river state. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 90 cocoa farmers from the state. How to start cocoa export business in nigeria and make. Average cocoa beans production in nigeria between 2000 and 2010 is 389,272 tonnes per year. We are aware that cocoa was introduced into nigeria around 1874. Nigeria has the potential to produce over 300,000 tons of cocoa beans per year, but production only amounted to 145,000 tons in 1999 nigeria agriculture stats, 2014. The study therefore assessed the major production and marketing risks in ondo state, nigeria. Nigeria nigerian production of cocoa in 199798 is estimated at 160,000 tonnes. Large government rehabilitation and replanting schemes are undertaken.
The oil came and poor agricultural management set in. The capital covers from store setup, land acquisition, seed purchase, production, and marketing. Yields remained low because of extensive cultivation practices and old age of cocoa farms. State of cocoa growing, quality and research in nigeria. In recent years, emphasis has been on the measures to bring about improvement in the production and utilization of cocoa and its derivatives. This study was conducted in nigeria located at 10 o north and. Approximately 90% of the production are exported in the form of beans or semimanufactured cocoa products. Nigeria was the biggest exporter of cocoa in africa and one of the biggest in the world. The study assessed the input use efficiency of cocoa farmers in nigeria.
Input use efficiency of cocoa farmers in ondo state, nigeria. Latest on cocoa production nigeria and world news the. Complete guide to agricultural product processing and storage. This timeline shows the production of cocoa beans in nigeria from 201220 to 20182019 and provides a forecast for 20192020. Table 6 results summary for cocoa yield forecasts in nigeria. Economic viability of cocoa production under different. Empirical analysis revealed that cocoa production is profitable with average gross revenue, average gross margin and average net. Pdf the study examined costs and returns in cocoa production in cross river state by. Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cocoa in nigeria. Cocoa production is important to the economy of nigeria. Cocoa production and export in large quantity started at about 1910. Cocoa production in nigeria is done in the south west of the country especially in ondo state and some are seen in the south south zone especially in akwaibom state.
According to the international cocoa organization 2012, cocoa production from ghana in the 20092010 season accounted for about 17. Nigeria is an important player in the cocoa sector and as such, the nigeria output has effects on the international aggregate output and price level. Risks and coping strategies of production and marketing of. The market for cocoa and its relevance to african production. Cocoa theobroma cacao is a tropical crop that originated from amazon basin where it was introduced to other countries. Cocoa tree produces pods which contain about 40 seeds or beans inside sweet tasting pulp. Moreover, cocoa production in cote divoire exceeded the figures recorded by the secondlargest producer, indonesia x tonnes, threefold. After this period the world bank pumped money into the southwestern region. Nigeria cocoa production increases nigeria usda gain reports. Quarterly bulletin of cocoa statistics the anderson lid. Cocoa is an important generator of income for most rural farmers in nigeria especially. Cocoa production increased by fifty percent in the first decade of the 21st century.
With assistance from the world bank, the government restored cocoa production in the late 1970s and 1980s. Abiodun adedeji, assistant director, cocoa research institute of nigeria crin, ibadan, on sunday urged the federal government to produce defined policies on cocoa production and marketing. Ideal risku global limited is a known company in agro allied products export and production. Low yield, ageing trees, and lack of proper equipment have been identified to inhibit production iremiren, 2011. Analysis dea approach for assessing scale efficiency of cocoa production in central senatorial district of cross river state, nigeria, is the crux of the project. Cocoa produce is the fastest selling agricultural produce in the world, and global demand still far exceeds supply. For this study econometric methods were used to explore the patterns of domestic production volatility of cocoa under consideration in ghana from october 2000 to september 2015 major.
The dominance of smallholders in the cocoa sector and the lack of production farm labor due to increased rate of urbanization held back production. West africa collectively supplies two thirds of the worlds cocoa crop, with ivory coast leading production at 1. Nigerias cocoa production is growing steadily, spurred by record high grower prices of recent years. Seventy percent of the world cocoa production is produced by small holders in west africa. This study assessed the viability of cocoa production under different management systems in edo state, nigeria with the view of choosing the best management system to be adopted by the farmers. There are many advantages of beginning a cocoa production business in nigeria. However, a sizable quantity is processed to create value addition to the export or for local industries as their main raw materials. Planting, replanting and tree diversification in cocoa systems, sustain able tree crops programme, international institute of tropical agricul ture, accra, ghana.
As nigerias cocoa production and export began to increase in 2017, the foundation for partnership initiatives in the niger delta pind carried out a value chain study of the sector between. Cocoa farming has really contributed to most of the agricultural sectors in nigeria. Complete guide to agricultural product processing and storage m. Recent figures show a relatively stable pattern of production over the last few years. Adiaha directorate of continuing education, federal capital territory college of education, zubaabuja, nigeria department of agronomy crop and soil science, faculty of agriculture and forestry, cross river university of technology, calabar, nigeria. Cocoa production will lessen the unemployment scourge in nigeria. Data used in the study were collected using structured questionnaires which were administered by the. Capital needed to start cocoa export business in nigeria with about n8million you too can start exporting cocoa from nigeria to buyers in the us, europe and make up to 20% 30% as profit. Currently there are seven cocoa growing regions namely ashanti, brong ahafo, eastern, volta, central and western north and. The objective of this study was to analyse the relative effect of climate change on cocoa productivity over the study period so as to understand the growth rate of the climatic elements and their influence on the yield per hectare of cocoa. The country with the largest volume of cocoa production was cote divoire x tonnes, accounting for x% of total volume. Product commodity description hs code sitc code cocoa beans cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roasted 18.
Structured questionnaire was used to collect information from the respondents. In the second half of the 1990s, cocoaproducing countries generated an income of more than. Since iprs constitute such an important component of the final yields, combining their exogenous. With regards to domestic production, nigeria is plagued with stagnant crop size old cocoa trees, old and ageing farmers, not many new plantations, lower yields per hectare, as well as lack of. The socioeconomic characteristics of the cocoa farmers were analysed using descriptive. Good agricultural practices for sustain able cocoa production. The recent sharp drop in the price of crude oil has indeed made export business in nigeria a hot cake. Prior to the oil boom era in nigeria, cocoa, cotton, groundnut, oil palm products and rubber were the principal export crops. Cocoa farmers in cross river lament low price, export. Planting, replanting and tree diversification in cocoa systems authors richard asare and sonii david collaborating partner sustainable tree crops program of the international institute of tropical agriculture p. Three countries are exporting large volumes of cocoa beans or products.
With export reorientation, only cocoa remained of any importance after 1975. Adebiyi cocoa research institute of nigeria crin, ibadan, nigeria 2017 international symposium on cocoa research iscr, lima, peru, 17 nov 2017. Nigerias cocoa is cultivated on estimated 800,000 hectares of land and makes up 5% of global cocoa production which is contributed by an estimated 300,000 cocoa farmers, twothirds of which live in south west nigeria. Quarterly bulletin of cocoa statistics are listed below. Cocoa is probably best known today as the raw material for chocolate, which uses approximately 90% of the worlds cocoa production. There is a need for more participation in cocoa farming in africa. The result is in line with ogunlade et al, 2009 which reported that 78. Strengthening the competitiveness of cocoa production and. During that same period, it was transplanted to fiji, madagascar, samoa. Good agricultural practices for sustainable cocoa production. A twostage sampling procedure was used to select a hundred and fifty cocoa farmers for the study. How to start beans farming and production in nigeria. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vo.
A cost and return analysis of three cocoa production management systems in the cross river state cocoa belt nkang n m 1, ea ajah2, so abang3 and eo edet4 corresponding author email. O edo state college of agriculture, iguoriakhi, nigeria. Feasibility study the feasibility study included in this guide is for a medium cocoa production business, from the start to the sale of 500 bags of cocoa. The stcp allows free copying and distributions on a noncommercial basis provided that the source is acknowledged. Proper management is also needed to get the best yield.
Cocoa production and related socialeconomic and climate. On average, around 3 million tons of cocoa beans are produced each year. Cocoa is the leading agricultural export of the country and nigeria is currently the worlds fourth largest producer of cocoa, after ivory coast, indonesia and ghana, and the third largest exporter, after ivory coast and ghana. Selected major merger and acquisition deals in the cocoa industry since 2010a. Cocoa is still the singlemost important commodity to the countrys economy. In recognition of the contribution of cocoa to the development of ghana, the government in 1947 established the ghana cocoa board cocobod as the main government agency responsible for the development of the industry. Empire place, plot 1683 sanusi fafunwa, victoria island, lagos state, nigeria. Cocoa production will help to contribute to nigerias gdp and move the country from its dependency on the oil industry. Tosmega cocoa nigeria is a major exporter of cocoa beans.
African cocoa production by country, 2020 statista. Nigeria income from cocoa production is nearly insignificant compared to the. The production of cocoa beans is thought to employ more than 1. Examining cocoa production and nigerias agricultural development.
Cocoa production will help to contribute to nigeria s gdp and move the country from its dependency on the oil industry. How cocoa farming in nigeria is an opportunity for investors. Cross river state cocoa farmers have decried poor pricing, lack of herbicides, processing plant, challenges with export and funding as their major challenges in. In nigeria, cocoa production is traditionally for export, with less than 10% utilised for cocoa products like cocoa butter, cocoa biscuit, cocoa liquor, chocolates, etc. People born between the 60s and 80s would definitely know the value of cocoa production in nigeria. Find addresses, telephones, contacts and locations. There was high figure quantity production between 1970 and 1975, when annual production rose as high as 307,000 metric tonnes per annum. A guide to trade practices international trade centre. Meanwhile, different reasons were given for the nonusage. Materials and machine for cocoa farming and processing business plan in nigeria piece of land, scale, normal sacks, heavy duty sacks, storage tanks, pumps, spindle mill, roaster, winnowing plant, pretreatment dryer, cleaning machine, bucket elevator, screw conveyor, dosing device, silo, filter unit, etc. Ecuador x tonnes ranked third in terms of total production with a x% share. The study examined costs and returns in cocoa production in cross river state by comparing three identified management systems of cocoa production in the area. The cocoa industry in nigeria owed its development in the early days almost.
Below you will find the last recordings for the indicator. There are people who make millions of dollars in cocoa without owning a farm, you can become one of them too. Also, the cocoa research institute of nigeria crin provides earlymaturing, highyielding, diseaseresistant cocoa beans can help double farm production in two years. There was an overall increase in the production trend between 2000 and 2006, followed by a decline in 2007 and a slightly ascending trend ever since.
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